Intervenções para enfrentamento do abuso de álcool: revisão integrativa / Interventions to cope with alcohol abuse: integrative review

O álcool é a droga mais consumida no mundo, que pode gerar problemas sociais e de saúde, afetando usuários, pessoas que com estes convivem e a sociedade em geral. O objetivo foi identificar melhores evidências em intervenções para redução do abuso de álcool. Revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada na LILACS, CINAHL, PUBMED e SCOPUS, por meio dos descritores intervention studies e alcoholism. Os 19 artigos selecionados, em sua maioria, foram classificados como nível dois de evidência, envolviam intervenções com usuários de álcool, destacando-se como as mais eficientes as intervenções breves, intervenções baseadas na internet e aconselhamento. Embora não se comprovou a cessação do uso do álcool a partir das intervenções, os resultados apontam redução significativa do consumo, aumento na disponibilidade para mudança do ato de beber e impacto efetivo das intervenções breves quando comparadas aos tratamentos usuais. As intervenções breves constituem as melhores intervenções para redução do abuso de álcool.

Alcohol is the most consumed drug in the world, which could generate social and health problems, affecting users, people living with them and the society in general. The aim was to identify the best evidence of interventions to reduce alcohol abuse. An integrative review of the literature, conducted on LILACS, CINAHL, PUBMED and SCOPUS, through the descriptors "intervention studies" and "alcoholism". Nineteen articles were selected, most of them classified as two regarding level of evidence. They involved interventions with alcohol users, the most efficient were short interventions, internet-based interventions and counselling. Although cessation of alcohol use was not proved through the interventions, results point to a significant reduction in consumption, increase of the availability to change drinking habit and effective impact of short interventions when compared to usual treatments. Short interventions constitute the best interventions to reduce alcohol abuse.

Influence of sevoflurane and desflurane on neurological and adaptive capacity scores in newborns

To evaluate maternal and neonatal effects of desflurane compared with the sevoflurane for general anesthesia for cesarean section. The study was conducted as a prospective randomized blind study between January 2003 to January 2004 at the Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. One hundred and two American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA I patients aged between 20-35 at 37-42 weeks of pregnancy were randomly allocated into 2 groups. All patients received thiopental and succinylcholine for induction. Patients assigned to the first group received desflurane 2.5%, and the second group sevoflurane 1.5% combined with 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Maternal blood loss, umbilical arterial blood gas values, delivery intervals, Apgar scores, and neurologic and adaptive capacity score NACS on the fifteenth minute, second hour, and twenty-fourth hour of age were evaluated to assess the neonatal status. One hundred and two 52 sevoflurane group, 50 desflurane group parturients were included in the study. In the desflurane group, NACS were significantly better on the fifteenth minute and second hour evaluations. There were no statistically significant differences in twenty-fourth hour NACS evaluations, Apgar scores, umbilical arterial blood gas values, delivery times, and maternal blood loss between the groups. Desflurane anesthesia offers more favorable results compared to sevoflurane in newborns delivered by elective cesarean section under general anesthesia in the early hours after delivery